EXCESS IRON

Understanding and managing excess iron levels

While iron is a crucial nutrient, maintaining the right balance is essential. Iron overload or hemochromatosis occurs when excess iron accumulates in the body, potentially leading to various health issues. By understanding ferritin levels, iron saturation, and the associated risks, individuals can better manage and contextualise iron overload.

Indicators of iron overload

Iron overload can be diagnosed through a blood test that measures levels of ferritin and iron saturation.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in your cells and releases it as needed. Normal ferritin levels are typically 20-500 ng/mL for men and 20-200 ng/mL for women. Elevated levels of ferritin may indicate iron overload.

Iron Saturation: Iron saturation is essentially a measure of the total amount of iron present in the blood. Normal iron saturation ranges from 15% to 50%. Higher percentages can suggest iron overload. This measure reflects the amount of iron bound to transferrin.

Understanding individual variability in ferritin and iron saturation levels provides a better approach to managing iron overload. Regular testing helps to detect changes early and guide treatment strategies.

Risks associated with high levels of iron

Even with a detailed understanding of ferritin and iron saturation, it’s crucial to be aware of the risks of excessive iron levels:

1. Organ damage

Excess iron can deposit in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis, heart arrhythmias, and diabetes.

2. Increased risk of infection

Iron-rich environments can favour certain bacteria, increasing the risks of infections developing. Excessive iron can also impair immune function and the ability to fight infection.

3. Joint pain

Iron accumulation can affect the joints, leading to pain or conditions resembling arthritis, particularly in the hands and knees.

4. Hormonal imbalances

Iron overload can affect hormonal glands, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism or hypogonadism.

Preventing iron overload

Prevention and early detection are crucial to managing iron overload. This can be achieved through:
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

1. Genetic testing and family history

Knowing your risk through genetic predisposition and family history is vital for early intervention.

2. Regular monitoring

Routine blood tests to check ferritin and iron saturation can track and manage iron levels effectively.

3. Dietary considerations

Mindful intake of iron through diet and supplements is essential, particularly for those at risk for high iron levels. Who is at risk?

4. Medical management

Phlebotomy or chelation therapy are effective treatments for reducing excessive iron levels and mitigating risks. These interventions are tailored based on ongoing monitoring of iron levels to ensure effective and safe management.